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John Ordronaux (16 December 1778 – 24 August 1841)〔Pedigrees provided by Captain Charles Reader, Corps of Engineers, Dept. of Military Science & Tactics, The Johns Hopkins University for the Bureau of Navigation, US Navy Department on 2/8/1940 and 12/9/1941. Capt. Reader was John Ordronaux's great grandson-in-law. Ref. Nav-2-LM DD617/S6-2(1)〕 was one of the most successful privateers of the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. During the war he commanded two ships, ''Marengo'', then ''Prince de Neufchatel''. With these he captured or destroyed about thirty British merchant ships, outran about seventeen British warships and brought back goods to the USA worth between $250,000 and $300,000. == First command: ''Marengo'' == Ordronaux was born at Nantes, Brittany, France to a French merchant skipper, John Ordronaux (senior) and an English mother, Joanna Hammond from the city of Hull, England. At the outbreak of the war on 18 June 1812, he commanded the French privateer ''Marengo'' which had been outfitted in New York City in November 1811.〔Smith, Gene A. Thomas Ap Catesby Jones: Commodore of Manifest Destiny. Naval Institute Press, Maryland, 2000.〕 His patron was a French lady called Florye Charretton, who was allegedly a Parisian woman of considerable wealth.〔Prize and related records of the District Courts of the United States – Record Group 21, M855, US Circuit Court – Southern District of New York, Roll 2, Case 22 – Florye Charetton & crew of Privateer Marengo v. Capt. John Taylor and 20 pipes of wine from English Brig. Concord. 1813.〕 On 23 June 1812 ''Marengo'' was in New London and being watched by the British 36-gun frigate (Captain Richard Byron).〔Maclay, E.S. A history of American privateers, New York, 1899.〕 However ''Belvidera'' was sighted and chased away by and her squadron (Captain John Rodgers) allowing ''Marengo'' to capture the English brigantine ''Lady Sherbroke'' from Halifax, Nova Scotia. This prize was sent into New York on 10 August 1812. ''Marengo'' then went on to take the brigantines ''Eliza'' (Captain Sullivan) of Guernsey, and ''Lady Provost'' (Captain Jennings) of Halifax, Nova Scotia.〔US National Archives and Records Administration, Naval Records Collection and Library, entry 502, Subject File 1775-1910.〕 This document suggests that Ordronaux was a gentleman and that he treated his prisoners of war sympathetically. It describes him handing over eighteen named prisoners to the British Consul at Fayal in the Azores Islands on 17 August 1812. The prisoners included two masters and three mates and an exchange was made for the same number of American prisoners of war. Jacques Bidois is named as the commander of ''Marengo'' in this document but he is thought to have been Ordronaux's mate at this time. In mid October 1812, Bidois is listed as master of ''Marengo'' in a book which also records her as having only six guns and a crew of fifty men.〔Coggeshall, George. A History of American Privateers and Letters-of-Marque, First Edition, New York, 1856.〕 So her three captured prizes must have seemed a considerable success. On 29 August 1812 ''Marengo'' captured the British brigantine ''Concord'' (Captain Taylor) between Tenerife and Fuertaventura according to Lloyd's List Marine Collection.〔Lloyds Marine Collection, Guildhall Library, London. Lloyd's manuscript subscription book ref: MS 14931/39/1812.〕 ''Concord'' was taken to New York to auction as a prize〔 Captain Taylor said in court evidence that he was allowed to mess with ''Marengo's'' officers on this trans-Atlantic voyage providing further evidence that her crew acted in a gentlemanly way to her prisoners.〔 On arrival in New York the neutral Spanish owners of part of ''Concords cargo of wine sued Florye Charretton and Ordronaux for the loss of their property and the 190 or so pages of court documents that have survived in the US archives provide much information about the effect of privateering on mercantile trade in this period.〔 Because of his involvement in this litigation and in arranging for the sale by auction of his prizes and their cargoes, Ordronaux was inactive as a privateer for approximately the next twelve months.〔〔Prize and related records of the District Courts of the United States – Record Group 21, M855, US Circuit Court – Southern District of New York, Roll 2, Case 36 – Florye Charetton & crew of Privateer Marengo v. Brig. Eliza, 1813.〕 The sale of ''Concord'' alone raised the sum of $24,409. This was shared between her owners and each named member of her crew in proportions given in the surviving court documents.〔 But most significantly, Ordronaux now had sufficient funds to buy a ship of his own. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Ordronaux (privateer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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